Abantu abaninzi abathandi ukuba khona komsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwezityebi kunye namahlwempu, kodwa abaluxhasi utshintsho kwindlela ubutyebi obusasazwa ngayo. Sifunda indlela abantu abaqhelekileyo abathetha ngayo ngobutyebi kunye nokungalingani kwiincoko zabo zemihla ngemihla. Nangona sisazi kakhulu malunga nendlela abantu abazizityebi nabanamandla ukuthetha ngalemiba kwezopolitiko nakumajelo eendaba, asazi kangako malunga nendlela abantu abathetha ngayo ngemihla.

Sicinga ukuba abantu xa bethetha ngobutyebi, badla ngokuphindaphinda ingcamango yokuba impumelelo isekelwe kwimfanelo, ukuba sisityebi kufuneka kuhlonitshwe kwaye ukungalingani yindlela nje izinto ezingayo.

Kwintetho zobutyebi, sijonge indlela abantu malunga nobutyebi kunye nokungalingani kwi-intanethi nakwabangekho-kwi-intanethi kumazwe amahlanu ahlukeneyo (iBotswana, iBrazil, uMzantsi Afrika, iJamani, kunye ne-US).

Abantu bathetha kangaphi ngezi zihloko? Bathetha ngantoni? Bathetha ngaziphi iindlela? Siza kubona nokuba ezi ncoko zitshintsha njani kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngubani othethayo, uthetha phi, kwaye kwenzeka ntoni kwilizwe labo ngelo xesha. Umzekelo, sifuna ukubona ukuba ingaba iincoko ngobutyebi nokungalingani ziyahluka-hlukana phakathi kwamazwe aseMazantsi ehlabathi kunye nawaseMantla, kunye nokuba ubuhlanga budlala undima engakanani kwezingxoxo. Ekugqibeleni, sifuna ukubona indlela ezincoko ezichaphazela ngayo abantu abacinga ngokungalingani nookuba bacinga ukuba ubutyebi kufuneka buphinde busasazwe ngokulinganayo.

Siqala ngokuba neengxoxo zeqela ukuze sifumane imibono yokuba zinjani ezincoko. Esi sisiqalo nje sophando lwethu, kwaye siza kusebenzisa oko sikufunda kwezi ngxoxo ukukhokela yonke iprojekthi yethu.

Impendulo echanekileyo ixhomekeke kwilizwe eliphantsi kophando, kwisigqibo sokuba yintoni ubutyebi, kunye needatha ezisetyenziswayo. Ngokubanzi, izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukungalingani kobutyebi bunyukile kwiminyaka edlulileyo ingakumbi kwidemokhrasi. Ukunyuka kobutyebi kubonakala ngakumbi kunengeniso.

Uphando olwenziwe nguSchröder nabalingane lusincedile ukuqonda imeko ethile yaseJamani. Badibanisa imithombo eyahlukeneyo yedatha. Bafumanise ukuba iipesenti ezilishumi eziphezulu zabantu abazizityebi baneepesenti zezabelo ezingama-67 zobutyebi obukhoyo eJamani. Isabelo esiphezulu esingu 1%  ngu 35% kunye nesabelo esiphezulu esingu 0.1% singu 20%. Umyinge wobutyebi eJamani yi-139,007 EUR, kodwa umyinge ophakathi womthamo wobutyebi uphantsi kakhulu, ungu-22,800 EUR. Nangona i-25% yabemi bengenabo nabuphi ubutyebi, i-1% ephezulu inobutyebi be-media obungaphezu kwesigidi esinye kunye ne-o.1% ephezulu nokuba yi-5,650,000 ye-euro.

Ulwazi oluthe vetshe lungafumaneka apha: Ungleichheit.info, WSI Verteilungsmonitor, Verteilungsfrage.org, Böckler Impuls Series on Inequality. Imipapasho ebhalelwe abaphulaphuli ngukubanzi iquka, umzekelo, uButterwegge (2020) okanye bpb (2023).

Ngoko-Mgaqo-nkqubo weRhafu Obsevatory of Getúlio Vargas Foundation (FGV), ngo-2022 i-1% etyebileyo ine-28% yengeniso yaseBrazil, i-5% etyebileyo ye-40% kunye ne-95% eseleyo kuphela i-60%. Idatha ibalwa kulwazi olunikezwe yi-Federal Revenue Service. Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe zingafumaneka apha: https://observatorio-politica-fiscal.ibre.fgv.br/politica-economica/pesquisa-academica/concentracao-de-renda-no-topo-novas-revelacoes-pelos-dados-do

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Ubutyebi bohlulwa-hlulwa ngokungalinganiyo naphesheya kubemi base-United States. Ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-1990, ubutyebi buye baqwalaseswa kakhulu kumaqela atyebileyo kakhulu eluntwini. Namhlanje, i-10% ephezulu yabantu abatyebileyo eMelika inesibini kwisithathu sobutyebi belizwe lonke. I-1%  yodwa ephezulu inangaphaya kwe 30% yobutyebi. Isiqingatha esincinci esityebileyo sabemi, abantu abazizigidi ezili-168, kunye nomninini ongaphantsi kwe-3% yobutyebi.La manani avela kwi-Federal Reserve kunye ne-US Census. Funda ngakumbi malunga nokungalingani kobutyebi e-US kwi https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/dfa/distribute/chart/#quarter:139;series:Net%20worth;demographic:networth;population:1,3,5,7,9;units:shares;range:1996.1,2024.2.

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Imibutho eyahlukenenyo engekho phantsi kukarhulumente iyasebenza kuluphando.

Kumazwe athetha isiJamani, eziquka, umzekelo, iTaxmenow, i-Oxfam Deutschland okanye iNetzwerk Steuergerechtigkeit.

Imibutho engenzi nzuzo eye yakhankzasela umba wokungalingani kobutyebi e-US ibandakanya i-Oxfam America (https://www.oxfamamerica.org/about-us/), i-Fight Inequality (https://www.fightinequality.org/), iphulo lokungalingani kobutyebi(https://www.wealth-inequality.net/) kunye nokungalingani.org

I-Volkswagen Foundation yenye yabanikeli abakhulu abangekho phantsi kukarhulumente kwizifundo zophando eJamani. Izimele ngokwezoqoqosho kubenzi beemoto.

Le projekthi ixhashwa ngenkxaso mali yezifundo. Iintetho zobutyebi yiprojekthi yophando olusisiseko kwaye akukho phando olusetyenzisiweyo. Ibhodi yabagwebi bangaphandle yavotela ukubaluleka kwemibuzo yethu yophando kunye nokomelela kweendlela zethu.

Iingcali zaseyunivesithi zisebenza kwiiyunivesithi zabo kwaye zizimele ngokupheleleyo. I-Foundation ayinalungelo lokuphazamisa kuqokelelo, uhlalutyo okanye kwiziphumo zophando.

Zive ukhululekile ukusithumelela umyalezo kwa-wealthtalks@polsoz.fu-berlin.de.

Ukuba ufuna ukuxela inxalabo okanye umba ngengxaki kumntu ozimeleyo, nceda uqhakamshelane no-m.kuenzler@fu-berlin.de (Mathias Künzler, Ombudsperson, Freie Universität Berlin, eJamani).

E-Brazil, ungaxhumana ne Ombudsperson of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Contact: secouvidoria@reitoria.ufrj.br